Using the HARD RESET feature of your phone (usually,switch off, then hold Bixby/Vol key/Power On), you should see a list, such as: reboot, clear cache, etc...
Right at the bottom of this list, you might see an option to REPAIR APPS - scroll down until you have highlighted this option, then press the power key to begin this. Once that's done, reboot your phone. Hopefully, you are now able to use Device Care as you were previously able to.