Advanced protection is a google thing. It's sorta like a lockdown mode to super protect your google account. You need to own a physical passkey device such as a google titan key or a yubikey. It's way overkill for the average person but it's something that exists.
For the sim pin thing, I'd say everyone should. Settings, connections, sim manager, more sim settings, sim card security. Your sim will have a pin set by your cell provider, have a look online for what it is. Usually 1234 or 0000 or 1111. Don't guess, if you get it wrong 5 times your sim card is permanently locked. Once you've found what the pin is, press change sim card pin, enter the pin you found online, change it to something of your choice. When that's done, enable the "Lock sim card toggle". Now whenever you reboot your phone or remove the sim, that pin will popup before the sim can make calls and get texts.
If someone takes your phone and removes the sim, it becomes useless to them
Little warning, there might be a few pins that show up when you try to see what the default is. Do not guess 5 times, as that locks your sim. If after 4 times it still didn't work, just give up.
If you somehow do permanently lock your sim, you have to contact your cell provider for a master unlock code (not actually called a master unlock code). It's a pain so that's why I'm warning of the lockout system