The S23s are likely to be a year older and thus more wear and tear, besides being an older generation than the S24s. The whole snapdragons vs Exynos between these generations is just such a non issue, the Exynos in the S24 models is still superior to the older 8 Gen 2 setup in the S23 series. The only differences/issue depending on your preferences will be camera ISP as they do tend to be quite different.
The size is the difference between the S23 and S23+ and thus the battery and screen size.
