Not easily. The buds are kinda the part that has the tracking in it.
Only idea I have is put the buds far from you, maybe at a friend's house. Go where you think the case is, use the search nearby feature and hope.
Tracking is usually the buds in the case or the buds individually, couldn't find a solid way to just track the case.
You could also just enable lost mode and kinda hope something happens to show you the case. This is more of a wishful thinking thing than a known solution