Sites like these are reliant on tracking cookie data etc. Quite often would have links to outside third party sites that may not be safe. It's naturally recommended not to visit sites like these of course. But probably best to use another phone with as little accounts logged into as possible and use a decent quality VPN
Run a virus protector on your phone, there should be one built into your, look in settings and optimise I believe and stop going on these site's because you are right, it could have caused a virus in your phone.